1914-1918
THE WAR OF THE NATIONS
PORTFOLIO IN ROTOGRAVURE ETCHINGS
Compiled from THE MID-WEEK PICTORIAL 
Published THE NEW YORK TIMES Co.
New York City N.Y. 
COPYRIGHTED 1919 BY THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY.

PICTURES 

PORTRAITS 

Rulers, Statesmen, Military and Naval Leaders of Warring Nations.  Pages
American   3- 33 
French   34- 42 
British     43- 55 
Belgian   56- 57 
Italian   58- 60 
Balkan   61- 62 
Polish, Portuguese, Czechoslovak   63 
Central and South American   64 
Oriental   65 
Russian   66- 69 
German   70- 81 
Austrian   82- 86 
Turkish and Bulgarian.  87 
Neutral     88 
Pope Benedict XV  89 
Allied Peace Delegates  500-501 
Geography and Chronology of the World War 90- 92
 
MILITARY OPERATIONS On Western Front 

Battle Scenes   93-199 
Signal Work  118-119 
Trench Methods  122-125 
Types of Weapons 138-139 
Gas and Fire Devices  154-155 
Tanks    166-171 
Heavy Artillery  174-175 
Monster American Guns 193 
Eastern Front  200-225 
Austro-Italian Battle Zone 226-249 
Balkan Front  250-265 
The Dardanelles and Gallipoli Campaign  266-274 
Conflicts in Mesopotamia and Palestine  275-289 
Surrender of Jerusalem 279 
Allenby Entering the Holy City  280-281 
British Entering Bagdad 289 
Chronology of the War 526 
The War in the Air 290-301 
Bombing a n d Battle Planes  291-293 
Balloons and Dirigibles 294-295 
Famous Aviators 296-297 
Anti-Aircraft Guns 298 
Aerial Raids on Cities 300-301 
America's Entry Into the War  302-324 
Operation of the Draft 302 
American Army in Training 303-313 
American Munition and Gun Works 314-315 
Transportation of Troops  316-318 
U. S. Soldiers in France and England 319-324 
British Empire Organizing for War 325-331 
Allied Auxiliary Troops 332-335 
Cities Prominent in the War 336-350 
President Wilson Reading Historic War Message 351 
Facsimile of War Message and Declarations 352 
Scenes in Capitals When War Was Declared 353-356 
Interallied War Council in Session 357 
Signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk  357 
Tragedy of the Lusitania 358 
Sinking of American Troopships 359 
Execution of Edith Cavell 360-361 
Hospital and Red Cross Activities 362-364 
American and Allied Loan Drives  365-368 
First Americans Killed in the War 369 
Welfare Work for Soldiers 370-371
Occupation of Cities by Enemy Forces 372-374 
War Posters 375 
Navies in the War 376-396 
Notable Sinkings 386-387 
German Submarines 392-394 
Camouflaged Ships 395 
Germany Stripped of Her Colonies 397-401 
Devastation Wrought in the War 402-439 
Signing of the Armistice 440-449 
Surrender of German Fleet 451-455 
German Munitions and Weapons Surrendered 456-457 
Occupation of German Territory by Americans and Allies 458-466 
Allied Troops in Fiume and Trieste  467 
Taking Over of Dardanelles and Palestine by British and French 468-469 
Military Medals and Insignia  470 
Making of a Marshal 471 
Rebirth of Poland 472-473 
Revolution in Germany 474-481 
German National Assembly at Weimar 480 
Ex-Kaiser in Exile 481 
Russian Revolution 482-487 
Czechoslovak Activities  488-489 
Allied and American Troops in Russia and Siberia 490-493 
President Wilson's Trip to Europe 494-497
Gathering of Peace Delegates 498-501 
Battlefields Where Americans Fought and Conquered 502-503 
Return of the Troops  504-514 
Peace Congress and Framing of Treaty (with Maps) 515-525 

MAPS 

North and South America  90 
Europe, Africa, and Near East   91 
Asia, Oceania, and Far East   92 
The Western Front  104-105 
Zone of Belgian Operations 130 
Ethnological M a p o f World    136-137 
Flanders and Picardy Battlefields  142 
Verdun    152-153 
St. Mihiel Salient  160 
Chateau-Thierry and Belleau Wood  176 
Hindenburg Line  186 
English Channel and Ports  191 
Western and Italian Fronts  198 
Eastern Front  214 
Carso Plateau  226 
Austro-Italian Front 232-233 
Piave Battle 246 
The Balkans 264-265 
Dardanelles and Gallipoli 266 
Palestine, Mesopotamia, and Syria 275 
Coast of Germany 390 
American Mine Barrage in North Sea 396 
Devastated France 402 
Armistice Terms 458 


TEXT 

Pages Significant Dates and Events    527 
The Peace Settlements...528


SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT 

Two Pictorial Maps 
1. The Western Front, Showing All Important Battle Lines During the War. 
2. Europe and the Near East, Showing Changes in Frontiers, 1914-1919. 

WOODROW WILSON, TWENTY-EIGHTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

No text

No text

No text

No text

Vice President
Marshall and Members 
THOMAS RILEY MARSHALL, Vice President of the United States. Pre-sided at Cabinet meetings in President Wilson's absence. 
CARTER GLASS, Secretary of the Treasury, succeeding William Gibbs McAdoo. 

WILLIAM C. REDFIELD, Secretary of Commerce. Former member of 62d Congress. 
WILLIAM J. BRYAN, Secretary of State first Wil-son Cabinet. Resigned June 8, 1915. 
ALBERT S. BURLESON, Postmaster General. H a s served in eight Congresses. 
THOS. W. GREGORY, Attorney General. Resignation took effect Mar. 4, 1919. 
WM. B. WILSON, Secretary of Labor. Has served in three Congresses. 
DAVID F. HOUSTON, Secretary of Agriculture. Took oath of office March 6. 1913. 
FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary of the Interior. Former member Interstate Commerce Commission. 
A. MITCHELL PALMER, Attorney General, succeeding Mr. Gregory. Former Alien. Property Custodian. 

No Text

United States Ambassadors Abroad During War 
WILLIAM GRAVES SHARP, . Ambassador to France. Succeeded Feb. 15, 1919, by Hugh C. Wallace. 
WALTER HINES PAGE, Ambassador to Great Britain. Resigned September, 1918. Died Dec. 21, 1918. 
JOHN W. DAVIS, Appointed United States Ambassador to Great Britain, succeeding W. H. Page. 
HENRY MORGENTHAU, Minister to Turkey until re-called after beginning of hostilities. 
FREDERIC C. PENFIELD, Ambassador to Austria until recalled by United States. 
JAMES W. GERARD, Ambassador to Germany until severance of diplomatic relations. 
DAVID R. FRANCIS, Ambassador to Russia for two years and eight months. 
BRAND WHITLOCK, Minister to Belgium through greater part of the war. 
PAUL S. REINSCH, Minister to China. Helped in securing her adhesion to allied cause. 
THOMAS NELSON PAGE, Ambassador to Italy. Eminent also in field of authorship. 

Two Ex-Presidents and Their Secretaries of State 
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT, Twenty-seventh President of the United States, March 4, 1909, to March 4, 1913. Ardent advocate of the League of Nations. 
THEODORE ROOSEVELT, Twenty-sixth President of the United States, from Sept. 14, 1901, to March 4, 1909. Died Jan. 6, 1919. 
PHILANDER CHASE KNOX, Secretary of State in President Taft's Cabinet. Elected to the Senate from Pennsylvania Nov. 6, 1916. 
ELIHU ROOT, Secretary of State in President Roosevelt's Cabinet, July 1, 1905, to Jan. 27, 1909. Senator from New York, 1909 to 1915. 

Senators of Both Parties Prominent During the War. 
LEE SLATER OVERMAN, Democratic Senator from North Carolina. Chairman of Commit-tee on Rules. 
HENRY CABOT LODGE, Republican Senator from Massachusetts. Chairman of Foreign Relations Committee. 
GILBERT M. HITCHCOCK, Democratic Senator from Nebraska. Chairman of Committee on Philippines. 
JAMES HAMILTON LEWIS, Democratic Senator from Illinois and whip of his party. 
MILES POINDEXTER, Progressive Republican Senator from Washington. Chair-man Committee Indian Depredations. 
JAMES A. REED, Democratic Senator from Missouri. Chairman of Committee on Manufactures. 
LAWRENCE Y. SHERMAN, Republican Senator from Illinois. On Appropriations and Pensions Committee. 
F. M. SIM-MONS, Democratic Senator from North Carolina. Chair-man of Finance Committee. 
WM. E. BORAH, Progressive Republican Senator from Idaho. On Judiciary and Foreign Relations Committee. 
(p Buck.) 
G. E. CHAMBERLAIN, Democratic Senator from Oregon. Chairman of Military Affairs Committee. 
ROBT. M. LA FOLLETTE, Progressive Republican Senator from Wisconsin. Chair-man Com. on Corporations. 
KNUTE Republican Minnesota. and Rules 
NELSON, Senator from On Judiciary Committees. 

Leading Members  of the House of Representatives 
JOSEPH G. CANNON, Republican from Illinois. Oldest member in years and terms of service. 
JOHN A. MOON, Democrat from Tennessee. Chairman Committee Post Offices and Roads. 
Democrat 
CHAMP CLARK, from Missouri. Speaker of 
the House for four terms. 
S. HUBERT DENT, JR., Democrat from Alabama. Chairman of Committee on Military Affairs. 
CLAUDE KITCHIN, Democrat from Alabama. Chairman of Ways and Means Committee. 
SWAGAR SHERLEY, Democrat from Kentucky. Chairman of Committee on Appropriations. 
FRANK W. MONDELL, Republican from Wyoming. Elected floor leader of Sixty-sixth Congress. 
IAS. R. MANN, Republican from Illinois. Served 11 terms. Former Speaker of the House. 
SIMEON D. FESS, Republican from Ohio. Served three terms. On Committee on Education. 
JOSEPH W. FORDNEY, Republican from Michigan. Chairman in Sixty-sixth Congress Ways and Means. 
LEMUEL P. PADGETT, Democrat from Tennessee. Chairman of Committee on Naval Affairs. 
IRVINE L. LENROOT, Republican from Missouri. Member of Committees on Rules and Public Lands.

Representatives Active in Shaping Legislation 
J. HAMPTON MOORE, Republican f r o m Pennsylvania. Member of Ways and Means Committee. 
HENRY D. FLOOD, Democrat from Virginia. Chairman of Committee on Foreign Affairs. 
FREDERICK H. GILLETTE, Republican from Massachusetts. Elect-ed Speaker of 66th Congress. 
MARTIN D. FOSTER, Democrat from Illinois. Chair-man of Committee on Mines and Mining. 
ADOLPH J. SABATH, Democrat from Illinois. Member of Committee on Foreign Affairs. 
ISAAC R. SHERWOOD, Democrat from Ohio. Chair-man Committee on Invalid Pensions. 
JULIUS KAHN, Republican from California. Member of Committee on Military Affairs. 
NICHOLAS LONGWORTH, Republican from Ohio. Member of Committee on Ways and Means. 
CORDELL HULL, Democrat from Tennessee. Member of Committee on Ways and Means. 
ALLEN T. TREADWAY, Republican from Massachusetts. Member of Ways and Means Committee. 
JOHN A. STERLING, Republican from Illinois. Member of Ways and Means Committee. 

HEAD OF UNITED STATES FOOD ADMINISTRATION

Men Who Have  Done Important Executive Work 
THOMAS A. EDISON, Eminent inventor and President Naval Consulting Board. 
EDWARD N. HURLEY, President of U. S. Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. 
CHARLES M. SCHWAB, Director General United States Emergency Fleet Corporation. 
BAINBRIDGE COLBY, Member U. S. Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. 
ROBERT S. LOVETT, Head Commissioner of Priority in Transportation 
JOHN D. RYAN, Chief Director of Air-craft Corporation. Member of Red Cross Commission. 
CHARLES PIEZ, Vice President U. S. Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation. 
CHARLES E. HUGHES, Ex-Supreme Court Justice and investigator in aircraft inquiry. 
HOWARD E. COFFIN, Chairman Aircraft Board. Member Council of National Defense. 
MAJOR GEN. GEO. W. GOETHALS, Member Shipping Board and later Chair-man Eight-Hour Commission.

Organizers 
Financial and Economic Activities 
BERNARD M. BARUCH, Chairman Advisory Commission of Council of National Defense. 
VANCE McCORMICK, representing Secretary of State as Chairman War Trade Board. 
HENRY P. DAVISON, Chairman of War Council of National Red Cross Com-mission. 
RAYMOND B. FOSDICK, Chairman of Commission on Training Camps for Soldiers' Welfare. 
OTTO KAHN, banker and philanthropist, prominent in Red Cross work. 
H. A. GARFIELD, United States Fuel Administrator. Formerly President Williams College. 
F. W. TAUSSIG, Chairman United States Tariff Commission. Writer on economics. 
WALTER S. GIFFORD, Director of the Council of National Defense and Advisory Commission. 
SAMUEL GOMPERS, member Council of National Defense. Head of Federation of Labor. 
E. R. STETTINIUS, Surveyor General of Army Purchases. Eminent banker and economist. 

Heads of Important Departments of American Army 
SURGEON GEN. WM. C. GORGAS, Chief of the medical forces of the United States. Remarkably successful in eliminating fever from Cuba and Panama. 
SURGEON GEN. M. W. IRELAND, appointed in succession to General Gorgas, re-signed. Owed his appointment to excellent services performed abroad. 
MAJOR GEN. PEYTON C. MARCH, United States Army Chief of Staff. Major Gen. March has served with success and distinction. 
BRIG. GEN. WILLIAM L. KENLY. General Kenly did distinguished work as Chief of Military Aeronautics. Was active in development of wireless telephone. 
MAJOR GEN. ENOCH H. CROWDER, Provost Marshal General. The successful operation of the draft has been under his direction. 
BRIG. GEN. WILLIAM CROZIER. General Crozier has been Chief of the Ordnance Department since 1901. Inventor of the disappearing gun.

No text

Officers of High Rank in American Army 
LIEUT. GEN. ROBERT L. BULLARD, commanding American Second Army in Meuse and Argonne fighting. 
MAJOR GEN. WM. M. WRIGHT, commanding 85th Division and also in charge of 3d Army Corps.
LIEUT. GEN. HUNTER LIGGETT, commanding American First Army Corps at St. Mihiel and the Argonne. 
MAJOR GEN. GEORGE W. READ, in command of 4th Army Corps in action at Bellicourt. 
MAJOR GEN. GEO. B. DUNCAN, Commander of 77th Division and later of 82d Division. 
MAJOR GEN. OMAR BUNDY, Commander 5th Army Corps at battle of Chateau-Thierry. 

Major Generals Who Rendered Sterling Service 
MAJOR GEN. C. S. FARNSWORTH, 
commanding 37th Division, composed chiefly of Ohio troops. 
former Chief of Staff 
MAJOR GEN. JAMES G. HARBORD, Chief of Staff of the American Expeditionary Forces.
MAJOR GEN. CLARENCE E. EDWARDS, Commanding 26th Division, composed chiefly of New England troops.
MAJOR GEN. JOHN A. LEJEUNE, commander 2d Division of U. S. Marine Corps at Belleau Wood. 
MAJOR GEN. WILLIAM G. HAAN, commander of 32d Division, forming part of 
Army of Occupation. 

Prominent Commanders of the United States Army 
MAJOR GEN. J. H. McRAE, commanding 78th Di-vision of the Third Army Corps. 
MAJOR GEN. ROB-ERT L. HOWZE, commanding 38th Di-vision. Raised to present rank Aug. 8, 1918. 
MAJOR GEN. FRANK WINN, commanding 89th Division in final Allied drive. 
MAJOR GEN. JOSEPH E. KUHN, commanding 79th Division, and later in American Army of Occupation. 
MAJOR GEN. ANDREW W. BREWSTER, Inspector General's Department, American Expeditionary Forces.
MAJOR GEN. CHARLES P. SUMMER-ALL, commanding General of Fifth U. S. Arms. Corps.
MAJOR GEN. ROBERT ALEXANDER, commanding 77th "Liberty" Division at the Argonne battle. 
MAJOR GEN. J. FRANKLIN BELL, commanding Department of the East at New York City. 

Officers Who Were Conspicuous Figures in the War 
MAJOR GEN. G. W. LANGFITT, Chief Engineer of American Expeditionary Forces in France.
MAJOR GEN. JOHN E, McMAHON, Commanding Fifth Regular Army Division of Third Corps. 
MAJOR GEN. JOHN F. MOR-RISON, Director of Military Training at U. S. War College. 
MAJOR GEN. JOHN L. HINES, Commanding Fourth Regular Army Division. Later with Army of Occupation.
MAJOR GEN. JOHN W. RUCK-MAN, Commander of the Northeastern Department of U. S. Army.
MAJOR GEN. THOMAS H. BARRY, Succeeded J. Franklin Bell as Commander of the East, January, 1919. 
MAJOR GEN. GEORGE BARNETT, Commandant of the United States Marine Corps. 
MAJOR GEN. WILLIAM A. MANN, First commander of the 42d or "Rain-bow" Division. 

Generals Who Led American Troops to Victory 
MAJOR GEN. WILLIAM R. SMITH, commanding 36th Division of Fifth Army Corps. 
MAJOR GEN. W. T. JOHNSTON, commanding 91st Division in Argonne-Meuse offensive. 
MAJOR GEN. HENRY T. ALLEN, commanding 19th Division at St. Mihiel and the Argonne. 
MAJOR GEN. ADELBERT CRONKHITE, commanding 80th Division in the Argonne-Meuse offensive. 
MAJOR GEN. LeROY S. LYON, commanding 31st Division in the final period of the war.
MAJOR GEN. CHAS. W: KENNEDY, 
commanding 85th Division of 5th Corps. Army 
MAJOR GEN. EDWARD F. McGLACHLIN, commanding 1st Division in the Army of Occupation. 
MAJOR GEN. FREDERICK S. STRONG, commanding 40th Division in last days of the war. 

Leaders Whose Deeds Shed Lustre on American Arms 
MAJOR GEN. WM. S. GRAV ES, Commander of American Expeditionary Forces in Siberia. 
MAJOR GEN. F. J. KERNAN, Organizer of supply service for American troops abroad.
MAJOR GEN. JOSEPH T. DICKMAN, Commander of the Third American Army of Occupation. 
MAJOR GEN. EDWIN F. GLENN, Commanding 83d Division, formerly on General Staff. 
MAJOR GEN. WILLIAM WEIGEL, Commanding 28th Division in fighting on the Vesle. 
MAJOR GEN. PETER C. HARRIS, Adjutant General of Army, succeeding General H. P. McCain.
MAJOR GEN. CHARLES H. MARTIN, Commanding 86th Division, formerly served on General Staff.
MAJOR GEN. GROTE HUTCHESON, Administrator of service of embarking troops for overseas. 

Leaders Who Have Upheld American Army Tradition 
MAJOR GEN. E. E. BOOTH, commander in 4th Division of the Second Army Corps. 
BRIG. GEN. E. B. WINANS, commanding 64th Brigade of the 32d Division.
MAJOR GEN. HARRY J. HATCH, Coast Artillery Section of United States Army. 
BRIG. GEN. CHARLES A. DOYEN, commanding first Marines sent to France. Died Oct. 6, 1917. 
BRIG. GEN. CHARLES D. WINN, commanding 305th Field Artillery of 77th Division.
MAJOR GEN. BENJAMIN ALVORD, Adjutant to General Pershing on Headquarters Staff. 
BRIG. GEN. ROGER D. WILLIAMS, commanding 75th Brigade of the 38th Division. 
MAJOR GEN. E. M. WEAVER, in command of United States Coast Artillery.
MAJOR GEN. FREDERICK S. FOLTZ, commanding 91st Division of Fifth Army Corps. 
MAJOR GEN. SAMUEL D. STURGIS. Took command of 80th Di-vision on Nov. 18, 1918. 
BRIG. GEN. B. L. McCAWLEY, Quartermaster of United States Marine Corps. 
BRIG. GEN. EVAN M. JOHNSON, commanding 154th Infantry Brigade of the 77th Division.

Officers Who Have Deserved Well of Their Country 
MAJOR GEN. BEAUMONT B. BUCK, commanding 3d Division of the 5th Army Corps. 
MAJOR, G.N. FRANK McINTYRE, Executive Assistant to Chief of Staff U. S. Army. 
commanding 28th Division of Pennsylvania troops. 
MAJOR GEN. EDGAR RUSSELL, has rendered distinguished service in U. S. Signal Corps. 
MAJOR GEN. WILLIAM L. SIBERT, organizer and administrator Chemical Warfare Service. 
MAJOR GEN. GEORGE BELL, JR., commanding 33d Division of 3d Army Corps. 
MAJOR GEN. CHARLES G. BALLOU, commanding 92d Division, composed of colored troops. 
MAJOR GEN. JOHN BIDDLE, of Engineer Corps and Assistant Chief of Staff. 
MAJOR GEN. HENRY C. SHARPE, Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army. 
MAJOR GEN. WILLIAM H. HAY, promoted from command of 134th Infantry Brigade. 
MAJOR GEN. EDWARD M. LEWIS, commanding 30th Division, co-operating with British. 
MAJOR GEN, CHARLES B. WHEELER, Chief Ordnance Officer of U. S. Army in France. 

Accomplished Soldiers and Skillful Leaders 
MAJOR GEN. MARK L. HERSEY, commanding 4th Division of 3d Army Corps.
MAJOR GEN. HARRY F. HODGES, commanding 76tA Division of the 5t1 Army Corps. 
MAJOR GEN. CHARLES T. MENOHER, commanding 42d "Rainbow" Division of 1st Army Corps. 
MAJOR GEN. J. B. ALESHIRE, Quartermaster General of the United States Army.
MAJOR GEN. H. P. McCAIN, Adjutant General of the United States Army.
MAJOR GEN. ELI A. HELMICK, in command of Embarkation Port at Brest, France. 
MAJOR GEN. W. A. HOLBROOK, in command of Southern Department of U. S. Army. 
MAJOR GEN. JOHN F. O'RYAN, commander of 27th Division of the Third Army Corps. to Pala Thompson 
MAJOR GEN. EDWARD ST. J. GREBLE, commander of 36th Division National Guard.
MAJOR GEN. WILLIAM P. BURNHAM, commander of 82d Division 2d Army Corps. 
MAJOR GEN. GEORGE H. CAMERON, commanding in 5th Army Corps at Argonne battle. 
MAJOR GEN. C. G. MORTON, commanding 29th Division of the 4th Army Corps. 

Commanders Who Shared in Their Country's Triumph. 
MAJOR GEN. TASKER H. BLISS, U. S. Chief of Staff at beginning of war. Later, Peace Delegate. 
MAJOR GEN. C. A. F. FLAGLER. commanding 42d Division in the Army of Occupation. 
BRIG. GEN. DOUGLAS McARTHUR, commanding 42d Division on march into Germany. 
BRIG. GEN. W. S. SCOTT, Commanding General Base Section No. 2. , 07, 
BRIG. GEN. GEORGE C. BARNHART, commanding 178th Infantry Brigade, E9th Division. 
BRIG. GEN. DEAKYNE, Chief of Engineers of the Second Army.
BRIG. GEN. L. D. TYSON, commanding 59th Brigade of 30th Division. 
BRIG. GEN. PAUL B. MALONE, commanding 10th Brigade, 5th Division.
BRIG. GEN. R. A. BROWN, commanding 84th Brigade, 42d, "Rain-bow," Division. 
BRIG. GEN. WILLIAM M. BLACK, Chief of the Carps of Engineers, U. S. Army. 
BRIG. GEN. PRESTON BROWN, Chief of Staff of the 2d Division. 
BRIG. GEN. HARVEY A. SMITH, Commandant of the Army Schools at Langres, France. 

Officers Who Served with Merit and Distinction 
BRIG. GEN. FRANK E. BAMFORD, commanding officer of the 26th Division, 1st Army Corps.
BRIG. GEN. CHARLES H. COLE, commanding 52d Brigade, 26th Division.
BRIG. GEN. J. A. SHIPTON, commanding 55th Brigade of 33d Division. 
BRIG. GEN. FRANK PARKER, commanding in 1st Division, 1st Army Corps. 
BRIG. GEN. M. L. WALKER, Director Military Training Schools, Tours, France. 
BRIG. GEN. D. S. ROCKENBACK, Chief of Tank Corps, General Army Headquarters. 
BRIG. GEN. MARLBOROUGH CHURCHILL,  Chief of the Military Intelligence Division.
BRIG. GEN. FRANK R. McCOY, Secretary General Staff U. S. Army in France. 
BRIG. GEN. BENJAMIN D. FOULOIS, Chief of the Aviation Section, Signal Corps.
BRIG. GEN. E. T. DONNELLY, commanding 164th Brigade, 89th Division. 
BRIG. GEN. EDWARD A. MILLAR, commanding 6th Artillery Brigade, 6th Division. 
BRIG. GEN. U. G. MacALEXANDER, commanding 90th Division in the Army of Occupation. 

REAR ADMIRAL WILLIAM S. SIMS, COMMANDER OF UNITED STATES FLEET IN EUROPEAN WATERS DURING THE WAR. 

Officials in Close Touch With Naval Ac  ST:1 V 1 les 
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, 
Assistant Secretary of the Navy, who has been active in extending and coordinating all branches of the service.
ADMIRAL W. S. BENSON, ' Chief of Naval Operations, who directed activities in the North Sea.  Later he was one of the armistice delegates at Treve. 
REAR ADMIRAL ALBERT GLEAVES, in charge of the anti-submarine convoy and escort system in transporting over 2,000,000 United States troops abroad. 

Admirals of the United States Navy During the War 
REAR ADMIRAL HENRY T MAYO, commanding the Atlantic Fleet on its return to American waters. 
REAR ADMIRAL AUSTIN M. KNIGHT, in command of the American fleet operating in Asiatic waters. 
REAR ADMIRAL WASHINGTON CAPPS, whose labors at Washington have contributed much to naval efficiency. 
REAR ADMIRAL HUGH RODMAN, who witnessed the surrender of the German Fleet, Nov. 21, 1918. 
REAR ADMIRAL C. J. BADGER, commanding the United States battle-ship fleet in Mexican waters. 
REAR ADMIRAL FRANK FRIDAY FLETCHER, of the Atlantic Fleet. Picture taken on his flagship, the Wyoming. 
REAR ADMIRAL WILLIAM B. CAPERTON, who has . been in command of the Pacific Fleet. 
REAR ADMIRAL WILSON, in charge of United States fleet operating in French waters.

No text

No text

Famous French Statesmen Who Have Guided the Affairs of the Republic 
ALBERT THOMAS, French Socialist leader and ex-Minister of Munitions, ardent patriot and efficient administrator.
ALEXANDRE RIBOT, who has headed and been a member of many Cabinets, financial adviser in War Council. 
RENE VIVIANI, eloquent orator, former Prime Minister and French Commissioner to the United States. 
LOUIS J. MALVY, former Minister of the Interior, recently banished for treason-able relations with the enemy. 
JOSEPH CAILLAUX, former French Minister of Finance, now awaiting trial on a charge of treason. 
M. ,JONNART, eminent publicist, representative to the Inter-Allied Conference at session held in London. 
ALEXANDRE MILLERAND, Minister of War until he was succeeded by General Gallieni. 
ARISTIDE BRIAND, leader of the Socialist Party, former Minister of National Defense, and at one time Premier.

French Leaders Who Have Taken Prominent Part in the Peace Negotiations 
J. J. JUSSERAND, French Ambassador to the United States, who accompanied President Wilson to France. 
PAUL PAINLEVE, who was the Premier of the Cabinet that was formed after the resignation of M. Ribot. 
M. KLOTZ, former Minister of the Interior, now Minister of Finance and delegate to the Peace Conference. 
STEPHEN PICHON, Minister of Foreign Affairs, who was chosen as one of the French delegates to the Peace Conference. 
LEON BOURGEOIS, former Prime Minister, whose wide information and experience made him a valuable adviser at the Peace Conference.  
JULES CAMBON, former French Ambassador at Berlin and since the war one of the chiefs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 
DENYS COCHIN, Minister of State, sent on a diplomatic mission to Athens, where he has wielded great influence. 
ANDRE TARDIEU, High Commissioner to the United States, and one of the French delegates to the Peace Conference.

MARSHAL HENRI PETAIN, ONE OF THE GREATEST MILITARY LEADERS OF THE WAR. IT WAS HE WHO SAID AT VERDUN: 
"THEY SHALL NOT PASS."

MARSHAL FERDINAND FOCH, GENERALISSIMO OF THE ALLIED ARMIES, WHOSE BRILLIANT STRAT-EGY AND UNRELAXING PRESSURE 
HAD THEIR FRUITION IN THE VIC-TORY OF THE ENTENTE.

MARSHAL JOSEPH JOFFRE. RAISED TO THE MARSHALATE BECAUSE OF HIS GREAT VICTORY ON THE MARNE, 
WHEN HE HURLED BACK THE GERMAN ARMIES WHEN THEY WERE CLOSE TO PARIS.

Distinguished Group of French Military Leaders 
GEN. FAYOLLE, who saved the day when he closed a thirty-mile gap in the lines during t h e German Spring offensive. 
GEN. FRANCHET D'ESPEREY, commander in chief of the Balkan armies that crushed Bulgarian resistance. 
GEN. GALLIENI, French Minister of War, who hurried reinforcements from Paris to Joffre in 1914. 
GEN. MANGIN, "Hero of the Marne," who led the July 18 that hurled back the Prince's armies. rode, wood h Underwood.  attack Crown 
GEN. D'AUMADE, who fought brilliantly in the initial battles of the war. 
GEN. HENRI DE CASTELNAU, called the "savior of Nancy" from his heroic defense of that gateway to Paris. 
GEN. DUBAIL, given the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor for distinguished services. 
GEN. ROBERT NIVELLE, who led the French in the 1917 Offensive on the Aisne. 

Brilliant Galaxy of Commanders Who Have Led French Troops to Victory 
GEN. MANOURY, the "Hero of the Ourcq," where he won a great victory in 1918. 
GEN. DEBENEY, whose troops recaptured Roye in Foch's great counter-offensive. 
GEN. HENRI BERTHELOT, the military strategist who headed the mission to Rumania in 1916. 
GEN. MAUD'HUY, who commanded the French line from Arras to the Aisne in 1914. 
REAR ADMIRAL LACAZE, French Minister of Marine, who did effective work against the submarine. 
GEN. DE LANGLE DE CARY, who had charge of operations at Verdun before Petain took command. 
GEN. HUMBERT, whose army operated with great results in the Picardy offensive of 1918. 
GEN. GOURAUD, the "Lame Lion of Africa," whose army co-operated with the Americans in the Argonne fighting. 

GEORGE V., KING OF ENGLAND AND EMPEROR OF INDIA. ACCEDED TO THE THRONE MAY 6, 1910.

Queen Mary  of England and Four of Her Five Children 
The Queen of England has five children. In the group here presented are Prince Albert, Prince Henry, Prince George, and Princess Mary. 
Prince John died Jan. 18, 1919. 
The Prince of Wales, heir to the English throne. Picture was taken on a recent visit of the Prince to the western front.

DAVID LLOYD GEORGE, Premier of Great Britain, whose conduct of the war was indorsed by 
an overwhelming majority  that returned him to power in December 1918.

HERBERT HENRY ASQUITH, Premier of Great Britain when war was declared and until December 1916.

ARTHUR JAMES BALFOUR, British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in the Lloyd George Cabinet.

British Statesmen and Diplomats Prominent During the War 
LORD CURZON, member of the Lloyd George Cabinet, and delegate to the Peace Conference. 
LORD MILNER, British War Secretary, succeeding Lord Derby. Has been in British Cabinet since 1916. 
SIR ERIC GEDDES, head of the British Admiralty, whose rise in politics has been meteoric.
ANDREW BONAR LAW, Chancellor of the Exchequer and spokes-man for the Government in the House of Commons. 
LORD ROBERT CECIL, son of Lord Salisbury, and British Minister of Blockade since 1917. 
VISCOUNT JAMES BRYCE, eminent historian and publicist, and head of commission that investigated Belgian atrocities. 
JAN CHRISTIAN SMUTS, conqueror of German East Africa, and the most powerful figure in South Africa. 
LORD READING, Special Commissioner to the United States following death of Sir Cecil Spring-Rice.

Men Who Have Shaped the Destinies of the British Empire 
SIR EDWARD GREY, who was Secretary for Foreign Affairs when the war began. 
SIR EDWARD CARSON, who withdrew from the Lloyd George Cabinet because of his views on Ulster. 
WINSTON CHURCHILL, the "stormy petrel of British politics," Minister of War and Air Service. 
HON. WILLIAM MORRIS HUGHES, Premier of Australia, and an ardent supporter of the war. 
CECIL ARTHUR SPRING-RICE, for many years British Ambassador to the United States. 
ARTHUR HENDERSON, labor leader in the British Parliament, and member of Lloyd George Cabinet. 
SIR ROBERT LAIRD BORDEN, Premier of Canada, who has been active in prosecuting the war. 
THE MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE, whose letter advocating a negotiated peace created discussion in 1918. 

FIELD MARSHAL HORATIO HERBERT KITCHENER, BRITISH SECRETARY OF STATE FOR WAR, 
WHO WAS DROWNED WHEN THE HAMPSHIRE WAS SUNK BY A MINE JUNE 5, 1916. (© Rogers.) 

FIELD MARSHAL DOUGLAS HAIG, COMMANDER IN. CHIEF OF THE BRITISH ARMIES IN FRANCE.

Generals Who Led British Troops in Colonial and Far East Campaigns 
GEN. SIR ARTHUR CURRIE, commander of the Canadian forces in France. 
GEN. F. STANLEY MAUDE, whose victorious career in Mesopotamia was cut short by his death in 1917. 
GEN. SIR EDMUND ALLENBY, whose brilliant campaigns in Palestine crushed the Turkish armies. 
GEN. SIR FREDERICK MAURICE, British Director of War Operations until the Spring of 1918. 
GEN. TOWNSHEND, who was forced to surrender Kut-el-Amara to the Turks after a gallant defense.
GEN. SIR W. R. BIRDWOOD, "the Soul of Anzac," leader in the Gallipoli campaign and later in Belgium. 
GEN. SIR W. R. MARSHALL, who brought the Mesopotamian campaign to a victorious ending in 1918. 
GEN. BOTHA, Premier of South Africa and director of operations that won German East Africa. 

Leaders of British Armies in the Four Years of the World War 
GEN. SIR W. R. ROBERTSON, British Chief of Staff. 
SIR HENRY WILSON, a leading member of the British staff directing operations in France. 
GEN. SIR JULIAN BYNG, whose victory over the German forces at Cambrai electrified Great Britain. 
GEN. SIR JOHN MONASH, Australian leader and veteran of the Gallipoli campaign. 
GEN. SIR JOHN FRENCH, who achieved distinction by his masterly retreat from Mons to the Marne. 
GEN. SIR HERBERT C. 0. PLUMER, in command of the British Army of Occupation at Cologne. 
GEN. H. S. HORNE, whose army was active in the dashing operations that drove the Germans from France. 
GEN. SIR HENRY RAWLINSON, with whose command American forces were brigaded in Foch's counter-/ offensive.

ADMIRAL SIR DAVID BEATTY, VICTOR IN THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND AND DESIGNATED TO RECEIVE THE SURRENDER OF THE GERMAN FLEET, NOV. 21, 1918. 

British Admirals Who Have Maintained Their Navy's Traditions 
VICE ADMIRAL FREDER' K STURDEE, who sank the German fleet under von Spee in 1914. 
ADMIRAL SIR REG-INALD TYRWHITT, who was designated to receive the surrender of the German submarines. 
ADMIRAL SIR CHRISTOPHER CRADOCK, who went down with his ship, the Good Hope, off Coronel. 
ADMIRAL SIR JOHN FISHER, head of the British Admiralty at the beginning of the war. 
ADMIRAL SIR ROSSLYN E. WEMYSS, First Sea Lord of the Admiralty, delegate at armistice signing. 
ADMIRAL HORACE HOOD, who lost his life on the Invincible in the Battle of Jutland. 
ADMIRAL SIR J. R. JELLICOE, in chief command of the British Fleet at the Battle of Jutland. 
ADMIRAL SIR HERBERT B.JACKSON, who co-operated with Allenby in the Palestinian campaign. 

Leading Figures of the Heroic Little Kingdom of Belgium 
GEN. RUCQUOY, who became the Commander in Chief of the Belgian Army after the death of Gen. Wielmans.
GEN. LEMAN, the heroic defender of Liege, who held up the German invasion while the Allied forces were gathering. 
CARDINAL MERCIER, whose unflinching resistance to German rule aroused the world's ad-
EMIL VANDERVELDE, member of the Belgian Socialist Party and Secretary of State. 
BURGOMASTER MAX w of Brussels no defied the Germans, and spent years in a German prison in consequence. 
GEN. GILLAIN, commander of the Belgian Army, who received from the Torenca Government the Cross of the Legion of Honor.

ALBERT I., KING OF BELGIUM, WHO MOUNTED THE THRONE DEC. 17, 1909.

Statesmen, Diplomats and Peace Delegates of the Italian Government 
PREMIER BOSELLI, who organized the Ministry that came into power June 7, 1916. 
BARON SIDNEY SONNINO, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs. and a delegate to the Peace Conference. 
COUNT V. MACCHI DI CELLERE, Italian Ambassador and High Commissioner to the United States. 
PREMIER ORLANDO, the head of the Government when the armistice with Austria was signed.
GIOVANNI GIOLITTI, Italian Parliamentary leader, who posed Italy's entering the war. 
GUGLIELMO MARCONI, inventor of the wireless telegraph and a Commissioner to the United States. 
SIGNOR IITSSOLATI, Italian Socialist leader, who favored accommodation with the Jugoslays. 
BARON SA LANDRA, Premier of Italy when Italy joined the cause of the Allies.

VICTOR EMMANUEL III., KING OF ITALY, WHO WAS CROWNED JULY 29, 1900.

Italian Generals Who Participated in the Victories Over Austria 
DUKE OF ABRUZZI, commander of the largest fleet Italy has ever had in the Mediterranean. 
DUKE OF AOSTA, who has held important commands in the army during the war. 
GEN. BADOGLIO, next in importance to Diaz in the army and the chief figure in the armistice arrangements. 
GEN. ARMANDO DIAZ, Commander in Chief of the Italian armies in the two great victories. 
ADMIRAL THAON DI REVEL, Commander in Chief of the Italian Navy, with a record of successes. 
GEN. LUIGI CADORNA, commander of the Italian armies until after the disaster of Caporetto 
GEN. PORRO, Chief of Staff of Italian Army during the offensive against the Austrians. 
GEN. ZUPELLI, Italian Minister of War, in which position he succeeded Alfieri in March, 1918.

PRINCE ALEXANDER of Serbia, son of King Peter, recently restored to power. (© International Film Service.) 
Kings, Princes, Statesmen and Generals Who Have Swayed the Balkans 
NICHOLAS PASHITCH, Premier of Serbia, and prominent in the Jugoslav movement. Bain Service.) 
KING PETER of Serbia, who, after a long exile, is now restored to his throne and his people. ©Serbian Press Bureau.) 
DR. MILENKO VESNITCH, Chief of the Serbian Mission to the United States and delegate to the Peace Conference. 
GEN. AVERESCU, Commander in Chief of the Rumanian Army, and one of the ablest of Balkan strategists. 
KING FERDINAND of Rumania, whom the collapse of Russia forced to withdraw from the war. 
TAKE JONESCU, Rumanian statesman, w h o throughout the war has been a staunch supporter of the Allies. 
CROWN PRINCE CAROL of Rumania, who incurred his father's displeasure by marrying outside of the royal caste.

Greek, Serbian and Montenegrin Personalities of Importance 
STEPHANON SKOULOUDIS, former Premier of Greece, charged with fomenting revolt in favor of Constantine. 
GEN. DANGLIS, Chief of Staff of the Greek Army in the offensive that broke Bulgarian resistance. 
KING NICHOLAS OF MONTE-NEGRO, virtual ruler since 1860 and King since 1910, now in exile. 
EI EUTHERIOS VENIZELOS, Premier of Greece and delegate to the Interallied and Peace Conferences. 
GEN. RADOMIR P UTNIK, Commander in Chief of the Serbian Armies, who inflicted crushing defeats on .Austria. 
EX-QUEEN SOPHIA OF GREECE, sister of ex-Emperor Wilhelm of Germany, who shares her royal husband's exile. 
KING ALEXANDER of Greece, who became King June 12, 1917, when his father was forced to abdicate. 
EX-KING CONSTANTINE of Greece, forced to abandon his throne June 12, 1917, because of his intrigues with Germany. 

Leaders of Public Affairs in Republics of Portugal and Poland 
IGNACE JAN PADEREWSK1, who has organized activities in the United States in behalf of Poland. 
GEN. JOSEPH PILSUDSKI, Commander in Chief of the Polish armies, who escaped from German captivity. 
THOMAS G. MASARYK, the " Grand Old Man of Bohemia," elected first President of Czechoslovak Republic, 1918. 
IGNACE DASZYNSKI, Provisional President of the new Republic of Poland. 
K. KRAMARZ, recently chosen Premier of the Czechoslovak Republic and one of the delegates to the Peace Conference. 
BERNARDINO MACHADO, elected President of Portugal Aug. 6, 1915, for a term of four years. 
GEN. GARCIA ROSADO, commander of the Portuguese troops on the French front in 1918 campaign. 
SIDONIO PAES, former President of Portugal, who was assassinated Dec. 14, 1918. 

Rulers and Statesmen of Central and South American Republics 
RAYMON VALDES, President of Panama and formerly Minister from Panama to the United States. (03 Harris and Ewing.) 
MARIO G. MENOCAL, President of Cuba, was educated in the United States, and graduated from Cornell University. (© Underwood d Underwood.) 
ISMAEL MONTES, former President of Bolivia, elected May 8, 1913, for a term of four years. 
WENCESLAU BRAZ, former President of Brazil, elected March 1, 1914, for a term of four years. 
LAURO MUELLER, Secretary for Foreign Affairs for Brazil prior to its entrance into the war. 
HIPOLITO IRIGOYEN, President of Argentina, elected in 1916 for six years. Has kept his country neutral. 
ESTRADA CABRERA, President of the Republic of Guatemala, elected March, 1917, for an eight-year term of office. 
FELICIANO VIERE, President of Uruguay, elected March 1 1915, for a four-year period.

Japanese and Chinese Rulers of the Far East 
YUAN-SHIH-KAI, President of China, afterward made Emperor by royalist faction. Died June 6, 1916. 
LI YUAN-HANG, President of the Chinese Republic, elected June 6, 1916, for a term of slightly over two years. 
YOSHIHITO, Emperor of Japan, who succeeded to the throne on the death of his father July 30, 1912. 
TERAUCHI, Premier of Japan, who came into power Oct. 9, 1916, and has staunchly supported the Allied cause. 
VAJIRAVUDH, King of Siam, which was the sixteenth nation to join the Entente against the Central Powers.  
KIKUJIRO ISHII, I Japanese Ambassador to the United States, and one of his country's delegates to the Peace Conference.

Powerful Figures in Days Preceding the Russian Revolution 
GEN. M. V. ALEXEIEFF, appointed Commander in Chief of Russian armies April 15, 1917; resigned June 5, 1917. 
GEN. KUROPATKIN, who, although defeated in the war with Japan, did excellent service in the world war. 
GREGORY RASPUTIN, the charlatan who was the evil genius of the Russian Court and was assassinated in December, 1916.  (0)  
GRAND DUKE NICHOLAS, Commander in Chief of the Russian armies until supplanted by the Czar in person. 
GEN. RENNENKAMPF, who led in the invasion of East Prussia in the early period of the war. 
GEN. RATKO DMITRIEFF, prominent in the sweeping advance of the Russians that captured Przemysl. 
GEN. KALEDINE, leader of the Don Cossacks, who has been in pronounced opposition to the Bolshevist Government. 
GEN. ALEXEI BRUSILOFF, appointed Commander in Chief of Russian armies June 5, 1917 ; resigned Aug. 2, 1917.

NICHOLAS II. FORMER CZAR OF ALL THE RUSSIAS, ASCENDED THE THRONE ON THE DEATH OF HIS FATHER, NOV. 1, 1894. 
DEPOSED MARCH 16, 1917. REPORTED ASSASSINATED. 

Russians Who Have Administered Affairs Under Revolutionary Regime 
M. JOFFE, one of the signers of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty, and afterward Ambassador from the Bolshevist Government to Berlin.  
LEON TROTZKY, Minister' of War, and leader of the ultra-radical element of the Bolshevists. In 1919 he arrested his associate, Lenine. 
NIKOLAI LENINE, Bolshevist Premier of the Soviet Government until arrested by his associate, Trotzky, in 1919. 
MICHAEL TERESTCHENKO, Minister of Finance in First Provisional Government, organized after downfall of the monarchy, later Foreign Minister. 
PAUL MILUKOFF, University Professor and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the First Provisional Government.
GEORG TCHITCHERIN, Bolshevist Minister of Foreign Affairs, who caused the arrest of Foreign Consuls in Moscow, 1918.

Statesmen Representing the Conservative Elements in Russia 
PRINCE GEORGE E. LVOFF, Premier of First Pro-visional Government before the Bolshevists gained control. 
BARON ROSEN, Conservative leader and prior to the war Ambassador to t h e United States. 
ALEXANDER KERENSKY, who was head of the Russian Government when the Russian front collapsed. 
GEN. SEMENOFF, commanding one of the armies operating against Bolshevist forces in co-operation with Allies. 
GEN. SKOROPADSKI, Hetman of the Ukraine, who after - the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty, allied himself with Germany. 
ADMIRAL KOLCHAK, former commander of the Black Sea Fleet, who succeeded Gen. Howith as Ieader of the Government at Omsk.

EX-CROWN PRINCE FRIEDRICH WILHELM, BORN MAY 6, 1882. ELDEST SON OF FORMER KAISER WILHELM II. 
AND HEIR APPARENT TO THE THRONE UNTIL HE ABDICATED, DEC. 1, 1918. 

GERMAN EX-EMPEROR WILHELM II., BECAME EMPEROR AND KING OF PRUSSIA ON THE DEATH OF HIS FATHER, JUNE 15, 1888. SIGNED ABDICATION NOV. 28, 1918.

Rulers of German States Who Have Been Compelled to Abdicate or Flee 
KING WILLIAM II. OF WURTTEMBERG, came to the throne Oct. 6, 1891; abdicated Nov 10, 1918. 
KING FRIEDRICH AUGUST III. OF SAXONY. acceded to the throne Oct. 15, 1904 ; abdicated Nov. 11, 1918. 
EX-KING LUDWIG III. OF BAVARIA. became King Nov. 5, 1913; renounced his royal rights Nov. 8, 1918. 
FRIEDRICH II., GRAND DUKE OF BAVARIA came to the throne Sept. 28, 1911 ; abdicated Nov. 14, 1918. 
CROWN PRINCE RUPPRECHT OF BAVARIA, whose armies with those of the German Crown Prince participated in German offensive of March. 1918 
GRAND DUKE ERNEST LUDWIG OF HESSE, succeeded his father March 13, 1892; abdicated November, 1918.

Statesmen and Diplomats of Germany While War Was Raging 
COUNT JOHANN VON BERNSTORFF, German Ambassador to the United States when relations were broken off, Feb. 8, 1917. 
COUNT GEORGE F. VON HERTLING, appointed German Chancellor Oct. 24, 1917 ; resignation accepted Sept. 29, 1918. 
DR. BERNHARD DERNBURG, active in German propaganda in the United States until return to Germany in 1915. 
THEODORE VON BETHMANN HOLLWEG, Chancellor of Germany at the beginning of the war ; resigned July 14, 1917. 
DR. GEORG MICHAELIS, appointed German Chancellor in succession to von Bethmann Holiweg, July 24, 1917; resigned Oct. 24, 1917. 
DR. RICHARD VON KUEHLMANN, one of the signers of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty ; appointed Secretary for Foreign Affairs Aug. 6, 1917. 
PRINCE MAXIMILIAN OF BADEN, appointed German Chancellor in October, 1918;. resigned in favor of Ebert Government after Emperor's flight. 
GOTTLIEB VON JAGOW, Minister of Foreign Affairs at the time that war was declared and until replaced by Zimmermann, Nov. 21, 1916.

GENERAL ERICH LUDENDORFF, CHIEF QUARTERMASTER GENERAL AND CHIEF OF STAFF IN THE LAST TWO YEARS OF THE WAR. 

FIELD MARSHAL PAUL VON BENCKENDORFF UND VON HINDENBURG, MILITARY IDOL OF THE GERMAN PEOPLE SINCE HIS VICTORY AT TANNENBURG AND THE MAZURIAN LAKES.

German Generals Who Have Played a Leading Part in the World War 
GEN. ERIC VON FALKENHAYN, at one time Chief of Staff, later leader of German armies in Balkan campaign. 
DUKE ALBRECHT of Wuerttemberg, whose forces operated on both the western and eastern fronts. 
GEN. VON DER GOLTZ, leader of the Turkish forces in t h e Mesopotamian campaign when the victory of Kut-el-Amara was won. 
PRINCE LEOPOLI) of Bavaria, who took a leading part in the Russian operations resulting in the Brest-Litovsk Treaty. 
COUNT HELMUTH J. L. VON AIOLTKE, Chief of Staff of the German Army when the war began. 
GEN. VON BUELOW, who led one of the German armies in the great-offensive on the western front. 
COUNT ZEPPELIN, who originated the dirigible-that bore his name._ The Count in his youth was aide-- de-camp to Gen Ulysses S. Grant. 
GEN. ALEXANDER VON STEIN, Prussian Minister of War, intrusted with the preparation of news of military operations for publication. 

German Generals Who Led Great Armies During the War 
GEN. VON BELOW, who directed the German - Austrian operations that resulted in the Italian defeat at Caporetto in 1917. 
GEN. VON EMMICH, who was prominent in the fighting that immediately followed t h e German invasion of Belgium. to Brown Bros.) 
GEN. VON BOEHN, the "Organizer of Retreat," so called because of his skill in such operations. 
GEN. VON KLUCK, who led the right wing of the German Army and had come within 22 miles of Paris before he was thrown back to the Aisne. 
GEN. VON GROENER, active in Ukraine operations and Commander in Chief after Ludendorff's resignation. 
GEN. VON EINEM, whose army was involved in the disastrous fighting after Foch launched his 1918 counterattack. 
GEN. VON BISSING, Military Governor of Belgium at the time of the execution of Edith Cavell. 
GEN. VON HEERINGEN, prominent in the early days of the fighting on the Marne and the Aisne.

Men Upon Whom Germany Pinned Her Hopes of Military Victory 
GEN. SIXT VON ARNIM, the defeat of whose forces in the fighting before Ypres April 29, 1918.
GEN. VON EICHHORN, commander of the German forces in the Ukraine who was assassinated while driving through Kiev, 1918. 

GEN. VON HUTIER, originator of the " Hutier " tac-tics that first achieved marked success in the taking of Riga. 
GEN. VON MACKENSEN, dashing cavalry officer, who afterward be-came a great infantry commander and won victories in Russia and Rumania. 
GEN. VON KATHEN, commander of one of the German armies in the great offensive of March 21, 1918. 
GEN. VON QUAST, who gained distinction in the fighting be-tween Armentieres and La Bassee on the Flanders front. 
GEN. H. K. VON WINTERFELD, one of the German envoys who signed the armistice at Itethondes, France, Nov. 11, 1918. ((-; International Film Service.) 
GEN. VON HAUSEN, leader of one of the German armies in the first year of the war.

German Admirals Whose Activity Was Restricted by Blockade 
ADMIRAL VON CAPEI.LE, German Minister of Marine at time mutiny occurred in the navy in 1917. 
ADMIRAL VON HINTZE, who was made Secretary for Foreign Affairs in the von Hertling Cabinet, resigned Sept. 29, 1918. 
VICE ADMIRAL SCHEE R, who commanded the German fleet in the battle of Jutland, May 31, 1916. 
GRAND ADMIRAL VON TIRPITZ, head of the German Admiralty and originator and advocate of submarine "frightfulness." 
ADMIRAL COUNT VON SPEE, who in battle with the British went down with his ship off the Falkland Islands Dec. 8, 1914. 
ADMIRAL HIPPER, who conducted the negotiations with Sir David Beatty for the surrender of the German fleet Nov. 21, 1918.

Men Who Have Come to the Front in the New German Government 
EDUARD DAVID, leader of Socialist Party in the Reichstag, and Under Secretary of Foreign Affairs. 
DR. RICHARD BARTH, editor of the Socialist paper Vorwaerts, and until Dec. 29, 1918, member of the Ebert Cabinet. 
WILLIAM DITTMANN, imprisoned for alleged sedition, afterward released and member of the Ebert Cabinet. 
DR. KARL LIEBKNECHT, leader in the Spartacide movement that sought to establish Bolshevism in Germany. 
GEORG LEDEBOUR, fiery Reichstag orator and leader of the most radical section of the Socialist Party. 
HUGO HAASE, leader of the minority Socialists in the Reichstag, and a severe critic of the former Imperial Government. 
KARL KAUTSKY, who has been active since the revolution in collating documents, fixing responsibility for the war on the imperial regime. 
H. BAUER, appointed by Prince Max of Baden as Secretary of State for the Imperial Labor Office.

Statesmen Shaping Affairs in Revolutionary Germany 
DR. W. S. SOLF succeeded von Hintze as Imperial Foreign Secretary and co-operated with Ebert after the Emperor's abdication. 
KURT EISNER, former newspaper editor, became first President of the Bavarian Provisional Republic, November, 1918. 
MATHIAS ERZBERGER, leader of the Centrist Party and one of the envoys to the armistice conference. 
FRIEDRICH W. EBERT, former Socialist leader in the Reichstag, became first Chancellor of the Revolutionary Government. 
VICE CHANCELLOR VON PAYER, former assistant of von Hertling, tendered his resignation Sept. 29, 1918. 
CONSTANTINE FEHRENBACH, member of the Centrist group and President of the Reichstag under the monarchy. 
ADOLF GROEBER, member of the Socialist Party in the Reichstag and Secretary of State without portfolio. 
PHILIP SCHEIDEMANN, the most prominent of the Majority Socialists, who announced the abdication of the Emperor. 

KARL I., EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA AND KING OF HUNGARY, ACCEDED TO THE THRONE NOV. 21, 1916; ABDICATED NOV. 11, 1918. 

FRANCIS JOSEPH, EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA AND KING OF HUNGARY, CAME TO THE THRONE, DEC. 2, 1.48; 
DIED NOV. 21, 1916, AFTER REIGN OF NEARLY SIXTY-EIGHT YEARS. 

ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND OF AUSTRIA, WHOSE ASSASSINATION AT SERAJEVO, BOSNIA, JUNE 28, 1914, 
SET IN MOTION FORCES THAT RESULTED IN THE DECLARATION OF WAR BY AUSTRIA AGAINST SERBIA. 

Statesmen and Diplomats of the Dual Monarchy of the Hapsburgs 
MICHAEL KAROLYI, leader of the Liberal element in the Reichs-rat., now President of the new Republic of Hungary. 
BARON STEPHAN BURIAN, Austro-Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs, who was succeeded by Count Andrassy. 
COUNT OTTAKER CZERNIN VON CH UDENITZ, Minister of Foreign Affairs, w h o resigned after publication of the "Dear Sixtus" letter. 
COUNT ETIENNE TISZA, Conservative and Germanophile Hungarian statesman, who was assassinated Nov. 3, 1918. 
CONSTANTIN DUMBA, former Ambassador to the United States, whose recall was demanded by the Government at Washington. 
BARON MAX VON HUSSAREK, who succeeded to the Premiership when the von Seidler Cabinet fell from power, July, 1918.

Military Leaders Who Have Commanded the Troops of Austria-Hungary 
GEN VICTOR DANKL, one of the most popular leaders and commander of Austrian Army in the Galician battles early in the war. 
GEN. ALEXANDER RITTER VON KROBATIN, Austro-Hungarian Minister of War, of wide experience in military affairs. 
ARCHDUKE FREDERICK, Commander in Chief of Austrian armies, and active in operations against the Russians. 
BARON CONRAD VON HOETZENDORFF, Chief of the General Staff, and director of the 1918 advance against the Italians. 
MORITZ RITTER VON AUF FENBERG, Corps commander at beginning of war, and later army inspector.
GEN. HERMAN KOVESS, Hungarian strategist, who led the armies that completed the conquest of Montenegro.

Prominent Figures of the Balkans, Turkey, and the Far East 
DR. VASSIL RADOSLAVOFF. Prime Minister of Bulgaria when that country declared war on the Entente, October, 1915. 
BORIS III., King of Bulgaria, who succeeded to the throne on the abdication of his father, Czar Ferdinand, Oct. 4, 1918. 
EX-CZAR FERDINAND of Bulgaria, who came to the throne in 1887 and abdicated after Bulgaria's defeat Oct. 4, 1918. 
M. T. T. C. BRATIANO, Rumanian President of the State Council, and Minister of War.
GEN. LIMAN VON SANDERS, German Commander of the Turkish troops in Palestine that were . overwhelmingly defeated by the British. 
MOHAMMED VI., new Sultan of Turkey, who came to the throne on the death of Mohammed V., July 4, 1918. 
MOHAMMED V., former Sultan of Turkey, came to the throne April 27, 1909; died July 4, 1918. 
ENVER PASHA, Turkish Minister of War, and an ardent supporter of the cause of the Central Powers.

Rulers of States That Have Maintained Their Neutrality 
GEN. VENUSTIANO CARRANZA, who, after a long civil war, became President of Mexico in May, 1917. 
QUEEN WILHELMINA of Holland, who acceded to the throne on the death of her father, Nov. 23, 1890. 
ALFONSO XIII., King of Spain, came to the throne on the death of his father, May 17, 1886. 
EDMUND SCHULTHESS, elected President of the Swiss Republic for the year 1917. 
MARIE ADELAIDE, Grand Duchess of Luxemburg, acceded to power Feb. 26, 1912 ; replaced by her sister Jan. 15, 1919. 
KING HAAKON VII. of Norway came to the throne Nov. 18, 1905 ; has maintained friendly attitude toward Allies. 
CHRISTIAN X., King of Denmark, succeeded to the throne on the death of his father, May 14, 1912. 
GUSTAV V., King of Sweden, came to the throne when his father died, Dec. 8, 1907.

POPE BENEDICT XV. BECAME POPE IN SUCCESSION TO PIUS X. IN 1914.

Geography and Chronology of the World War 
ARCTIC  SEA 
BAFF/A/ BAY 
GREENLAND, NEI- Tie.t L. 
CANADA FURNISHED 560,000 SOLDIERS. 
UNITED STATES DECLARED WAR AGAINST GERMANY APRIL 6, 1917. AGAINST AUSTRIA, DEC. 7, 1917. 
SAN FRANCISCO 
NEW YORK WASHINGTON 
GULF OF EX /CO 
HAWAII 4/.5) 
MEXICO, NEUTRAL. 
CUBA DECLARED WAR APRIL 7, 1917.1 t-L_ NEPA 4.s1-4414ig 
HAITI DECLARED WAR JULY 15, 1918. HONDURAS HONDURAS DECLARED WAR JULY 19, 1918. NICARAGUA DECLARED WAR MAY 24, 1918. 
NICARAGUA SUBMARINE DEPREDATIONS, MAY 18, TO SEPT. 3, 1918. 
ATLANTIC OCEAN 
GUATEMALA DECLARED WAR APRIL 22, 1918. I SAN SALVADOR, NEUTRAL.   COSTA RICA I COSTA RICA DECLARED WAR MAY 23, 1918. 
PANAMA CANAL 'PANAMA DECLARED WAR APRIL 7.1918.1  COLOMBIA, NEUTRAL. ECUADOR SEVERED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS DEC. 17, 1917. 
VENEZUELA,  NEUTRAL. VENEZUELA 
TUA MOTO 0-/ PELA GO (French) 
PERU SEVERED DIPLOMAT((' RELATIONS OCT. 6, 1917.  
BOLIVIA SEVERED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS APRIL 14, 
BRAZIL DECLARED C. . %, II-AR OCT. 26, 1917.  1917..
BOLIVIA  NEUTRA L. RI0 DE JANEIRO
OFF CORONEL, VON SPEE DEFEATED CRADOCK'S SQUADRON NOV. 1, 1914. 
SANTIAGO 
CHILE, NEUTRAL. 
MONTEVIDEO  URUGUAY SEVERED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS DEC. 17, 1917. 
ARGE.VTINA, NEUTRAL.' 
OFF FALKLAND ISLANDS GERMAN FLEET DEFEATED DEC. 8, 1914. 
FALKLAND 66 s. tIsh)
South 6E-ap6. 
North and South America. 
ALTHOUGH EUROPE WAS THE MAIN BATTLEFIELD OF THE WAR, EVENTS OF ENORMOUS SIGNIFICANCE OCCURRED IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE. 
THE BRITISH A ND GERMAN FLEETS CLASHED OFF THE SOUTH AMERICAN COAST, 
AND IN 1917 THE UNITED STATES AND MANY OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN REPUBLICS DECLARED FOR THE ALLIED CAUSE. 

Geography and Chronology of the World War 
cl-PIEI) B1 .1 /LIES, JUL) 15, 1918. 
ICELAND, NEUTRAL 
BATTLE OF JUTLAND, MA 1' 31, 1916. 
GERMANY DECLARED AUG. 1, 1914. DEFEATED, SIGNED ARMISTICE NOV. 11, 1918. 
DENMARK, NEUTRAL. GREAT BRITAIN DECLARED 11-.4R, AUG. 4, 1914. 
ARCHANGEL (XVI -PI ED 10' A LLIEs. A UG. 4. 1918.\. 
FINLAND SECEDES. i ARCHANGEL cf_Splow kr SsIA, MARC!!, 1918. 
PETROGRAD 
B R I 
NORTH SEA
ATLANTIC OCEAN 
HOLLAND, NEUTRAL. 
UKRAINE SECEDES FROM RUSSIA, FEB., 1918. GERMANY 
Moscow
LUXEMBURG. NEUTRAL. 
PARIS 
FRANCE 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY DECLARED WAR JULY 28, 1914. DEFEATED, SIGNED ARMISTICE, NOV. 4, 1918. ITALY DECLARED WAR MAY 24, 1915.  
SWITZERLAND, NEUTRAL. IRUMANIA DECLARED WAR AUG. 27, 1916. PORTUGAL ENTERED WAR MAY 19, 1915. 
VIENNA AUSTRIA I HUNGARY ' 
RUSSIA DECLARED WAR, AUG. 7, 1914. SIGNED BREST-LITOVSK TREA 7 MARC  3, 1918.  
 CZECHO-SLO VAKIA RECOGNIZED SEPT. 2, 1918. 
JUGOSLAVIA DECLARED INDEPENDENcE, OCT. 26, 1918  1 / 
TURKEY, CONQUERED, SIGNED ARMISTICE, Al RA L OCT. 31, 1918. SEA * am p I al . g 
BLACK .SEA otas-r"HTINOpLE
BULGARIA DECLARED WAR OCT. 14, 1915. DEFEATED, SIGNED ARMISTICE . SEPT. 29, 1918. 
SERBIA ENTERED WAR JULY 28, 1914. MONTENEGRO DECLARED WAR AUG. 9, 1914. GREECE ENTERED WAR NO F. 28, 1916. 
ALGERIA
DARDANELLES CAMP.4IGN, IIARCH 1915, JAN.  20, 1916. lP 1-NT.)R oeaoliaiLii.  EGYPT (-) (EGYPT BECOMES BRITISH  1 PROVINCE, 1914. 
MCA-SP/AN *" SEA MESOPOTAMIA CAP7'I, RED .7 .../ "...... ,-. BY BRITISH, 1918.1 . ....' 1/4s, ; 
PERSIA AFGHANISTAN \ 741117.T:5i Ti!I .N/ 0 . ,--- ... 1, . - /- )..__. . , )B.tiH AN E( c.TRi5ATL. 
ARABIA. PALESTINE, CONQUEST COMPLETED, OCT. 26, 1918. 
FRENCH NORTH AFRICA SUPPLIED LARGE FORCES TO THE FRENCH ARM Y. F..REIN CH 
WEST AFRICA 
PORT. GUINEA 
SIERRA LEONE 
LIBERIA 
LIBERIA DECLARED WAR, AUG. 4, 1917. 
TOGOLAND CAPTURED, AUG. 26, 1914.1 --I 
'NIGERIA °O.\ GU/EA ..-. SPAN/ n/Ryi. j . \I 'V . GUINEA FRENCH BELGIAN ott# / CONGO ANGOLAk (Port e5e\-\ 
SUDAN 
ARABIAN SEA 
\A? . ABY55INIA `.7 r \ II / 7..\'' . . " . 41. e R. EAST . AFRICA 
ICAMEROONS SUBDUED, FEB. 1916. 
GERMAN EAST AFRICA ALMOST COMPLETELY OCCUPIED BY BRITISH, 1918. 
GERMANSouTir WEST AFRICA RMAN I 4 5-w. r AFRICA' 
C'AfT('RE/), JUL Y 9, 1915. 
GERMAN AFRICAN COLONIES CAPTURED BY ALLIES, 931,460 SQUARE MILES. 
UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 
Europe, Africa and the Near East. 
TWO HUNDRED AND TWENTY-THREE WEEKS OF WAR SWEEPING OVER THE WORLD HAVE WROUGHT MOMENTOUS CHANGES IN THE MAP OF EUROPE, AFRICA, AND THE NEAR EAST. 
NATIONAL BOUNDARIES WILL IN MANY CASES BE OBLITERATED, MODIFIED OR WHOLLY RECAST. 
GERMANY'S VAST COLONIAL POSSESSIONS ARE NOW IN THE HANDS OF THE ALLIES. 
PALESTINE AND MESOPOTAMIA HAVE BEEN EMANCIPATED FROM OTTOMAN RULE. 

Geography and Chronology of the World War 
TOBOLSK 
ARCTIC OCEAN 
BERING SEA 
KABUL CHINA DECLARED 1VAR, AUG. 14, 1917. HAS FURNINHED A MIURA" LABORERS. 
JAPAN DECLARED WAR, AUG. 23, 1914. 
VLADIMSTOK OCCUPIED BY ALLIES, AUG. 4, 1918 
DELHI INDIA BOMBAY 
BAY OF  BENGAL 
SIAM
CALCUTTA 
yELLow  PAC/ A--/ C OCEAN SEA 1 KIAO-CHAU CAPTURED BY JAPANESE, NOV. 7, 1914.1 eV 0 . ° 
INDIA FURNISHED LARGE Q REINFORCEMENTS TO BRITISH. 
PHILLPPINE 00 /5LA/V125 (U. S) ° 
MAR/ANNE /5. (GERMAN) 
CEYLON SIAM DECLARED WAR, JULY 22, 1917. 
INDIAN OCEAN 
PELEW /5. CAROL /NE (GERMAN) Sri-t  T6ER MA N)1 - O 1GERMAN NEW GUINEA CAPTURED, SEPT. 1914.  
BORNEO 0 CV 0% cELEItE%0 : VC!).._ SOLOMON Is. a. . NEW, .. CO 0 . 0" GUINEAN, BR/T/5H . 0 
MARSHALL /5 (GERMAN) . ti G/LBERT /5. (Be/ T/5H) . 
COCOS ISLAND 
HEBRIDES 
('0(05 ISLAND, GERM A RAIDER EMDEN DESTROYED NOV. 10, 1914. 
AUSTRALIA FURNISHED 400,000 MEN. 
E3R/5BA NE 
FREMA NTLE 
SYDNEY 
TASMANIA 
F-) A C / / C OCEAN 
NEW ZEALAND NEW ZEALAND FURNISHED LARGE FORCES. O 0 
Asia, Oceania, and the Far East. ASIA AND OCEANIA HAVE NOT ESCAPED THE INFLUENCE OF THE WORLD CONVULSION. 
AUSTRALIA AND JAPAN HAVE PLAYED A NOTABLE PART IN THE WAR. 
THE ISLAND POSSESSIONS OF GERMANY AND HER COLONY IN KIA0CHAU HAVE BEEN WRESTED FROM HER CONTROL. 

Alert to Guard Their Comrades Against Surprise
FRENCH CAVALRY PATROL SCOUTING ON THE LINE OF THE AISNE, TO WHICH THE GERMANS HAD BEEN DRIVEN BACK IN THEIR FIRST INVASION, 
AFTER THEY HAD COME WITHIN TWENTY-TWO MILES OF PARIS.

Preparations for Battle on the Main Fighting Front
BELGIAN CHASSEURS PASSING THROUGH THE TOWN OF DAYNZE, BELGIUM, 
ON THE WAY FROM GHENT TO MEET THE TIDE OF INVASION THAT HAD BEGUN TO POUR OVER THE EASTERN BORDER FROM GERMANY. 
A GERMAN MACHINE GUN SQUAD OPERATING THEIR GUNS FROM AN INTRENCHED POSITION.
A PATROL OF GERMAN SCOUTS BEFORE SOISSONS, FRANCE, CAUTIOUSLY CLIMBING A HAY MOW TO RECONNOITRE.

German Infantry and Artillery  Units in Action  
GERMAN RIFLEMEN BEHIND IMPROVISED DEFENSES RESISTING A STRONG ATTACK AGAINST THEIR POSITION, 
WHILE THEIR OFFICER, STANDING BY THE COTTAGE, WATCHES THROUGH GLASSES THE EFFECTS OF THEIR FIRE. 
AN AUSTRIAN ARTILLERY DETACHMENT, ASSISTED BY GERMANS, PULLING INTO POSITION ONE OF THE SKODA 42-CENTIMETER GUNS 
WHICH HAVE PROVED THEMSELVES CAPABLE OF GREAT EXECUTION. (C) Und

When Mighty Invasion Swept Over the Border  
INTENSE ANIMATION IS SHOWN IN THIS PICTURE OF THE DISEMBARKATION OF GERMAN TROOPS, 
WHO HAVE BEEN TRANSPORTED ON BARGES, TO TRY TO CHECK THE ONWARD RUSH OF HOSTILE ARMIES.

Intense Moments While Awaiting Orders to  Charge
GERMAN INFANTRY DRAWN UP AT THE EDGE OF A FOREST WITH THEIR EYES AND THOUGHTS INTENT UPON THE OBJECTIVE BEFORE THEM
 AND READY AT THE WORD OF COMMAND TO RUSH FORWARD TO THE ASSAULT. 
THE AISNE WILL BE A MEMORABLE RIVER IN FRENCH ANNALS, FOR IT WAS TO THERE THAT THE GERMANS WERE DRIVEN WHEN PARIS WAS ALMOST WITHIN THEIR GRASP. 
GERMAN TROOPS ARE HOLDING A FIRST-LINE TRENCH ON THE RIVER BANK. 

When England Came to  the Help 
Invaded Belgium 
DETACHMENT OF THE BRITISH ROYAL MARINES MARCHING THROUGH THE MAIN SQUARE OF OSTEND, ON THE BELGIAN COAST, 
WHERE THEY HAD JUST BEEN LANDED BY ONE OF THE BRITISH DREADNOUGHTS. 
HIGHLAND REGIMENTS MARCHING TO THE MUSIC OF THE BAGPIPES THROUGH BOULOGNE, FRANCE, ON THEIR WAY TO REINFORCE THE SMALL BRITISH FORCES 
THAT WERE BEING PRESSED BACK BY THE FIRST GERMAN INVASION. 

On Their Way to the Battlefields  of the World War
FRENCH LANCERS PASSING THROUGH A LITTLE TOWN IN BELGIUM, IN AUGUST OF 1914, 
OVER ROADS THAT SOON WERE TO BE SWEPT BY SHELLS AND THROUGH A SMILING COUNTRYSIDE, AS YET UNVEXED BY WAR. 
ESPECIALLY PICTURESQUE WERE THE ALGERIAN CAVALRY, SPLENDIDLY MOUNTED, AND FILLED WITH WARLIKE ARDOR THAT MADE 
THEM A MOST VALUABLE AUXILIARY TO THE CAUSE OF THE ALLIES.

Hearty Welcome to the Gallant Troops That Wear His Country s Uniform   
OLD FRENCH FARMER, WHO HIMSELF HAD FOUGHT UNDER THE COLORS, OFFERING HOSPITALITY TO FRENCH DRAGOONS.